June_Half-Year Industrial Review|Dissecting the Global Technology Supply Chain for Industry Growth by 2024: Semiconductor Industry Overview
As we enter the mid-to-late second quarter of the year, with many major companies having already announced their Q1 2023 revenue performance, the market is still focused on when the tech industry will turn around. In terms of growth rate, the worst case scenario is around Q1 2023, but the growth in end-use demand is still weak. According to TSMC's Q1 statement and a lot of market information, inventory de-stocking is still the most important issue in 2023. Halfway through 2023, a pessimistic atmosphere still prevails in the global technology industry. For one thing, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes and the U.S. debt crisis have led to the emergence of systemic risks in the European and U.S. financial systems, with many leading financial institutions in potential insolvency. Even though the Federal Reserve Board intends to hold off on raising interest rates, the importance of raising interest rates has become higher than that of the U.S.-Russia war, which has led to a significant decline in global consumer spending and impacted the revenue performance of many first-tier chip makers since the rate hikes will be launched in the second half of 2022.
半導體產業位於科技產品的上游,往往是科技產業的一領先指標。綜觀半導體產業,2023上半年還是處於逆風。根據國外調研機構OMDIA的數據顯示,整體半導體產業2023Q1季減9.4%,已連續5季成長衰退如下圖一。拆分兩大半導體晶片生產模式來看,發現垂直整合設計製造(IDM)與無晶圓設計公司(Fabless IC)設計皆持續放緩。其中IDM季減11.9%;Fabless IC design 季減3.1%。以整體營收/庫存金額來看,營收已從2022年Q1開始修正,終端需求疲軟導致持續推高整體庫存金額,在2023年Q1來到歷史新高,如圖二。預期絕大部分的晶片公司已經開始或將會做庫存調整。目前半導體產業,主要是持續在宏觀逆風和庫存調整階段的影響所致。以整體科技產業行為來看,系統廠的庫存已修正兩到三個季度,而晶片上游的設計廠與IDM廠在2023年第一季開始修正,推估整體供應鏈庫存會在2023年的Q2末至Q3初來到正常水位。
以公司別來看,五月下旬剛公布財報的NVIDIA,雖整體還是衰退,但受惠AI Server 使得其資料中心營收有超出預期的成長;工控、車用為主要產品的半導體公司衰退較少,Infineon甚至還出現成長。而台系三大Fabless IC設計業者聯發科、聯詠與瑞昱等,其第一季營收對比2022年同期,皆衰退30%以上,而聯發科的營業利益更衰退突破60%,這更顯示全球智慧型手機的銷售狀況,遠比先前想像更加嚴重。聯詠則是受惠OLED 等其他DDIC 需求明顯回溫,而出現季增長的情況,表一與表二為全球10大IDM與Fabless IC設計業者的營收排名。
圖一. 2016-2023 半導體季營收

source: OMDIA
圖二. 半導體季營收與庫存金額

source: OMDIA
表一. 前十大IDM季營收(單位 百萬美元)

source: OMDIA;智璞產業趨勢研究所整理
表二. 前十大Fabless IC Company 季營收(單位 百萬美元)

source: OMDIA;智璞產業趨勢研究所整理






