An electric power grid is a network system that connects power producers and users for the purpose of transmitting power. The grid consists of power plants, substations, transmission systems, and distribution systems. The size of the grid depends on the needs, and can be as large as a national or transnational grid covering an entire country, a community grid, an industrial area grid, or even as small as a microgrid in a single building.

In modern society, industrial, commercial, governmental organizations, medical institutions, families and even individuals need to use more than dozens of electrical devices every day, and the normal operation of these devices depends on the power grid to deliver stable electricity. Two of the most difficult problems that all industries face in terms of power transmission are "unpredictable power outages" and "power restrictions". After all, as long as there is no electricity available, it means there is no productivity output. According to a government survey, every hour of downtime in the domestic industry results in a total loss of about 8.8 billion dollars in output value, so the stability of the power grid is one of the most important indicators of the country's modernization.